Low temperature process of homogeneous and pinhole free Perovskite layers for fully coated photovoltaic devices up to 256 cm2 area at ambient condition

The versatility of printing/coating technologies together with the development of new hybrid and organic materials permit to revolutionize the photovoltaic (PV) research and manufacture. Among the new PV concept, perovskite solar cell technology has ascended top efficiencies in few years. The low-cost perspective of this III-GEN PV is however achievable only at industrial production levels. To this end, we developed a simple yet scalable process for production of monolithic Perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here we use the doctor blade coating technique assisted by a hot air flow. The basic setup is easy to build and permits to obtain a homogeneous and repeatable deposition of the layers forming the PSM. By applying this fabrication method at ambient condition, we fabricated a low temperature module up to 40 cm
²
with a conversion efficiency above 11% and a perovskite layer up to 256 cm
²
, both based on a pinhole free one-step (without any anti-solvent technique) method, demonstrating the scaling up capability of the optimised process.