Operational Flexibility Enhancement through Flexible Ramp Products from Energy Storage

Increasing renewable energy sources (RES) integration in power systems poses new challenges to system operators in handling the variability and uncertainty of netload. Steeper netload ramps necessitate flexibility requirement in power systems. Many system operators have instituted market-based ramp products to address the ramp requirements in real-time operations. Existing literature focused less on different energy storage technologies for ramp product provision. Also, with increasing penetration of RES, ramp product procurement decisions need to be constrained in day-ahead scheduling. This paper aims to model such market based flexible ramp product (FRP) from different energy storage technologies. A MILP based 15-minute temporal day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment and 5-minute re-dispatch with the objective of minimizing the cost of energy, reserve, and FRP are formulated for the studies. Further, benefits associated with utilizing energy storage systems for flexibility provision are analyzed. Effectiveness of the proposed model is studied on IEEE RTS 24 bus system using GAMS 24.2.3.