A Multi-Objective Model Checking for Transmission Policy Optimization in Hybrid Powered Small Cell Networks

In the fifth generation (5G) communication system, maximizing energy utilization is one of the key challenges especially with limited green energy sources. In particular, it is important to determine the optimal transmission policy for the hybrid model with grid and green energy in small cell networks. The optimal transmission policy should minimize both grid power consumption and wastage of green harvested energy at the same time; while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirements such as minimum packet drop probability. In contrast to existing policies with a single objective for the hybrid powered small cell networks, the proposed transmission policy adopts a multi-objective model checking for Markov decision process (MOMC-MDP) with a linear temporal logic (LTL) scheme. The MOMC-MDP firstly determines all feasible decisions for packet transmissions in every time slot, and then chooses one of the best feasible decisions to obtain the optimal transmission policy. Three dimension Markov decision process (3D-MDP) that includes packet buffer, battery capacity, and channel state, are used with the age of information (AoI) of the packet arrivals to improve the overall performance of the proposed MOMC-MDP scheme. Numerical results validate that the proposed MOMC-MDP with AoI can provide higher green energy utilization compared to the conventional MDP-based schemes.