32.3 Electromagnetic Mechanical Energy-Harvester IC with No Off-Chip Component and One Switching Period MPPT Achieving up to 95.9% End-to-End Efficiency and 460% Energy-Extraction Gain

Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters (EMHs) can harvest mW-range power from sub-g vibrational environments while having a volume of a few cm
³
, Thus, such EMHs are promising candidates for powering net-zero-power sensor nodes as compared to their electrostatic- or piezoelectric-based counterpars [1], [2], especially in the industrial environments (e.g., harvesting energy from stator of motors or rotating wheels).