Evaluation of Osteogenic/Cementogenic Modulating Potential of PAI-1 Transfected Media for Stem Cells

Aim of the study: In vitro evaluation of the effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) transfected-conditioned media (P-CM) on the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human periapical follicular stem cells (hPAFSCs). Materials and Methods: The hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs received from impacted third molars were treated with P-CM and viability, as well as differentiation of the cells were evaluated. Plasmids were constructed according to standard techniques, and all sequences were validated by proper enzyme digestion and sequencing. Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-hPAI-1 plasmid to obtain P-CM, followed by western blotting and PAI-1-specific ELISA kit to evaluate the proteins of P-CM. The cell viability of hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs were analyzed using MTT assay after 48 h of incubation. Alizarin red S staining was performed to evaluate the differentiation of hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to observe the expression levels of osteogenic/cementogenic marker genes. The human cytokine antibody array was applied for further analysis of cytokine expression in P-CM. Results: P-CM significantly promoted the differentiation of hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs and upregulated the expression of osteogenic/cementogenic marker genes in vitro. Furthermore, rhPAI-1 promoted mineralized nodules formation of hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs, and we identified that other proteins, RANTES and IL-6, were highly expressed in P-CM. Conclusions: P-CM promoted the differentiation of hPDLSCs and hPAFSCs by upregulating the expression of RANTES and IL-6, and interaction between PAI-1 and RANTES/IL-6 signaling may be involved in P-CM-induced osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation.