Monopole Antenna with Beam Scanning in Both End-fire and Broadside Directions

In this paper, a novel printed monopole antenna integrated with active elements is presented. It comprises a monopole printed on the top face of a substrate that is acting as a driving element, and two other parasitic elements placed symmetrically on the two sides of a partial ground plane. The parasitic elements are interchanged to be a reflector or a director. To achieve pattern reconfiguration, the approach of Yagi-Uda configuration is employed, where the positions of the reflector and director are to be interchanged using DC-controlled electronic switches. Four scanning angles (-90°, 0°, 90° and 180°) around the operating frequency of 4.3 GHz are accomplished. Also, an acceptable impedance matching in all switching schemes is achieved.