Cluster Head Selection Using Genetic Algorithm in Wireless Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the huge advance in wireless communication because its ability to gather a lot of information about the surrounding area that is deployed there by the use of hundreds and thousands nodes in the network. The nodes are responsible to gather and relay the data between each other to the Base Station (BS). The main issue here to be into consideration is the life time of the nodes and the number of packets that nodes are able to transfer from one node to another. This means that the energy of nodes is the parameters that should be optimized to let WSN works for a long time with efficient manner. To satisfy this, routing and clustering mechanisms should be energy aware. Because of this; chosen an efficient routing protocol with addition to a powerful technique of clustering is very important. In this paper, a Genetic Low Energy Adaptive Clustering (G-LEACH) is evaluated in 100 uniformly distributed wireless sensor networks in term of number of alive nodes, energy consumption, number of cluster heads and packets delivery to cluster heads. The election of cluster head is achieved by using genetic optimization approach which can determine the efficient and useful cluster heads. The results show that G-LEACH presents some advantages over the LEACH algorithm since the stability zone of the G-LEACH is greater than the stability zone of LEACH by 358 rounds since the first node dies after 1544 rounds in G-LEACH. That's mean; the network's lifetime lives 61.7% longer with the use of G-LEACH instead of LEACH. Meanwhile, the cluster heads are increased by 10% above LEACH when using G-LEACH.