Joint Modeling of TDD and Decoupled Uplink/Downlink Access in 5G HetNets With Multiple Small Cells Deployment

Due to highly variant traffic in downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), dynamic time-division duplexing (TDD) is proposed to dynamically allocate UL and DL resources. Under the same circumstances, downlink and uplink decoupled access (DUDA) is introduced to balance between UL and DL transmissions and to further improve the system performance. Rather than belonging to a specific cell, a mobile user can receive the downlink traffic from one base station (BS) and send uplink traffic through another BS. In this article, we analytically investigate a joint TDD and DUDA statistical model with multiple small cells deployment. This model is based on a geometric probability approach. Taking all possible TDD subframes combinations between the macro and small cells, coupled and decoupled cell associations strategies are investigated in details. We derive analytical expressions for the capacity and the interference, considering a network of one macro cell and multiple small cells. We build on the derived capacity expressions to measure the decoupling gain and thus, identify the location of the interferer small cell where the decoupled mode maintains a higher gain in both DL and UL. Monte-Carlo simulations results are presented to validate the accuracy of the statistical model.