The Evolution of Railway Power Supply Systems Toward Smart Microgrids: The concept of the energy hub and integration of distributed energy resources

In this article, dc and ac railway microgrids (RMGs), together with the concept of the energy hub as the architecture of future railway power supply systems, are analyzed and outlined to provide a useful road map to remove restrictions and facilitate the development of SG technologies in the railway sector.

In recent years, the achievement of sustainable energy systems has become one of the foremost challenges of experts around the world. In this context, the reduction of energy consumption while providing optimum power flow to the end users is a substantial challenge in various fields of generation, transmission, and distribution. Environmental concerns like global greenhouse gas emissions and other problems related to fossil fuels, together with deficiency of resources, are other significant aspects.