Spectrum Knowledge and Real-Time Observing Enabled Smart Spectrum Management

Spectrum is the indispensable resource for 5G wireless systems and beyond. The dynamic spectrum management (DSM) framework with spectrum sharing among different kinds of users is essential to satisfy the sustainable rapid increase of the bandwidth requirement. Based on the analysis of the DSM as well as the latent applications of the machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in the spectrum access, this paper will address the problem of incorporating intelligence into the spectrum management. Firstly, the spectrum opportunity (SOP) related information is layered into the spectrum data, the spectrum information and the spectrum knowledge based on the processing and abstractive level. The spectrum knowledge is formally defined as the extendible and scalable information to reason and predict the SOP usability as well as the outcome of the SOP occupancy. Then the smart spectrum model (SSM) is proposed with the spectrum knowledge as the key enabler and the coupled SOP exploration and exploitation as the core feature. Under the SSM framework, the spectrum knowledge and real-time observing (SKRO) enabled SOP exploration scheme is designed, which can make use of both the historical information and the real-time sensing information for smart SOP exploration. Extensive simulations are provided which demonstrate that the SKRO enabled SSM can achieve much better SOP utilization while satisfying the required legacy assurance. Specifically, in the low signal to noise environment, at least 16.55% gains on the SOP utilization ratio can be obtained compared with the DSM.