Decentralized Game-Theoretic Scheme for D-EVSE Based on Renewable Energy in Smart Cities: A Realistic Scenario

In this paper, we address a decentralized power production and management system based on Game Theory (GT) for Electric Vehicles' (EVs') interplay with a Decentralized Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (D-EVSE) located at the public supply station. Renewable energy production such as solar energy (PV) is considered as the main power source for our D-EVSE and we consider the connection to the grid when the solar renewable energy system is failing to respond to the demand. We propose a decentralized GT (D-GT) scheme aiming to optimize the EVs' interaction with the D-EVSE considering both EVs' satisfaction as well as the D-EVSEs' stability. Also, the D-GT model is used to choose the optimal available solution for EV charging or discharging services that fulfill predefined constraints. A realistic scenario is considered as a testbed for our D-GT optimization model. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can manage and control the interaction between EVs and D-EVSEs efficiently.