RPL-Based on Load Balancing Routing objective Functions for IoTs in Distributed Networks

Internet of things (IoT) is a developing technology that enables the devices to communicate without human interaction. Routing is an important factor affecting the connectivity and the performance of information exchange. The performance of IoT devices is dependent on the implemented routing protocol in those devices. Routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is rated as the best communication protocol for IoT devices. The protocol uses its default objective function and routing metrics to transmit packets from source node to destination. As the number of connected devices continues increasing, the child nodes forward the floods of packets to the nearest parents. Due to the default objective function and routing metrics of RPL that does not consider load balancing, leads to network congestion. This paper classifies the routing protocols and objective functions proposed to solve the load balancing problem that affecting RPL in Low power and Lossy Network (LLNs). Furthermore, it analyses the performance of RPL-based routing protocols and objective functions.