Secure Manhole Monitoring System Employing Sensors and GSM Techniques

Nowadays manhole problems in the populated cities is the major issues. Opening of manholes due to breakage of manhole cover, manhole explosions are major threat in recent days. Manhole cover opening leads to accidental fall of vehicles, pedestrians leading to accidents or loss of life. Manhole opening detection and alerting is mainly based on detecting the manholes which are opened due to overflow of sewage / rain water during heavy rainfall and alerting. When a manhole opening is detected either due to overflow of sewage water, increase in pressure or temperature, it leads to the breakage of the manhole lids. To avoid such incidents even before it could affect the public, an alerting system is built wherein the buzzer alerts the surrounding and sends the sensed data to the managing authorities using GSM techniques. So, they can take precautionary action to close the manhole considering public safety.