On GNSS Jamming Threat from the Maritime Navigation Perspective

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a fundamental part on the maritime navigation. Beyond positioning, GNSS is key for the operation of multiple interfaces on the bridge of a ship, compromising the skipper skills to perform traditional navigation. Jamming attacks have been recognized as a major vulnerability for GNSS and their proliferation have raised concerns, given the implication of GNSS into several safety-critical applications. This work provides an overview on the jamming threat and the main countermeasures techniques, especially in the fields of robust signal processing, adaptive antenna arrays and multi sensor fusion. Moreover, the effects of a Personal Privacy Device (PPD) on positioning based on conventional methods using GPS L1 is addressed. The experimentation is conducted on the Baltic Sea, where a civilian maritime jamming testbed was allocated, as result of the cooperation of DLR with the German Federal Network Agency.