A Review of Naturalistic Decision-Making and Its Applications to the Future Military

Nearly 30 years have passed since Naturalistic Decision-Making (NDM) was introduced in 1989, and NDM has developed rapidly in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to discuss all background information relevant to the field of Decision-Making (DM) research. It also introduces the latest developments in this field and proposes its military applications. The first part is a review of NDM, including foundations of Naturalistic Decision Making, traditional analytical DM models, Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) making methods and Schemata and Mental model. The second part is a review of the nature of expertise-experience, of Teamwork and Decision Errors in NDM, in which Teamwork consists of defining and Shared Mental Models (SMM), and Decision Errors consist of defining and teamwork decision-making error. The third part proposes the military application of NDM, including guiding military systems design and evaluation, teamwork decision-making error, optimizing training, supporting team collaboration.