An Encoder–Decoder Convolution Network With Fine-Grained Spatial Information for Hyperspectral Images Classification

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used in Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) classification. However, the fine-grained spatial (FGS) details are discarded during a sequence of convolution and pooling operations for most of CNN-based HSIs classification methods. To address this issue, a unified encoder-decoder framework is proposed to integrate high-level semantics and FGS details for HSIs classification, denoted by FGSCNN. The encoder, including a series of convolution and pooling layers, captures the high-level semantic information with low resolution feature maps. The decoder fuses the high-level low-resolution semantic and the fine-grained high-resolution spatial information, namely, to get the FGS features with high-level semantics. The deconvolution layers and skip connection are used in the decoder to retain the FGS details, while, convolution layers are also used to combine the FGS features with high-level semantics. Based on the encoder-decoder framework, a unified loss function is exploited to integrate the high-level semantic information and FGS details with an end-to-end manner for HSIs classification. Experiments conducted on the three public datasets, i.e. the Indian Pines, Pavia University and Salinas, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on HSIs classification.