A Novel Routing Protocol Based on Congruent Gravity Value for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Reliability of data is severely affected due to high attenuation, high noise, limitation of the acoustic medium, and dynamic topology. The limitation of the acoustic medium, attenuation, and noise, much work was conducted by using forward error correction process, retransmission, attenuation model and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) to make data reliable. Many routing protocols are introduced to increase the lifetime of the network. However, there are also many improvements which need to be done to enhance the lifetime of the network. In this research work, we introduced a Congruent Gravity Value (CGV) routing protocol to enhance the lifetime of the network. Two types of packets will be transmitted in order to find out the relay node. One type of packet is hello packet, which will contain the information of source node and sink. The second type of packet is a response packet, which contains the information of the nearest neighbor node. Hello, the packet will always transmit by source node while the response packet will be transmitted either by the nearest neighbor node or by source node based upon condition set. That condition will save energy and enhance the network lifetime whenever it is feasible. Gravity function plays a preeminent role in the selection of the relay node. In order to tackle the Congruent gravity value, the cluster head selection technique is used. Network Simulator has been used to evaluate the performance of CGV, and its results are compared with ER2PR, VBF, and UFCA. These protocols utilized a large area in order to select a relay node. To overcome this problem, CGV used just those area which is best for the selection of the relay node and response packet transmission area is also minimize whenever it is feasible by the condition.