Perpendicular Parking of Car-Like Robots Allowing a Cusp on the Path

This paper introduces the perpendicular parking algorithm of car-like robots, such that the generated path consists of a cusp. This path planning is based on the car’s turning radii, which can be determined by the car’s geometry and its maximum steering angle. As far as we know, this paper is novel in developing autonomous perpendicular parking based on circular arc and straight line segments, such that a cusp on the generated path is allowed. Since a cusp is allowed, the proposed parking approach is suitable for parking in a small space. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed approach.