A Solar-Cell-Assisted, 99.66% Biofuel Cell Area Reduced, Biofuel-Cell-Powered Wireless Biosensing System in 65-nm CMOS for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lenses

This work proposes a solar-cell-assisted wireless biosensing system that operates using a biofuel cell (BFC). To facilitate the reduction of the BFC area and apply this system to area-constrained continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) contact lenses, an energy harvester combined with an on-chip solar cell is introduced as a dedicated power source for the transmitter. A dual-oscillator-based supply voltage monitor is employed to convert the BFC output into digital codes. From measurements of the test chip fabricated with the 65-nm CMOS technology, the proposed system can achieve BFC area reduction of 99.66%.