Analysis of Countries’ Scientific Capability in Dual Scientific Roles

Understanding a country's scientific situation is essential for any country. Common indicators for measuring a country's scientific capability are the number of publications and citations. In this study, we design a new method, the citation induced scientific capability identification (CISCI) method, to measure a country's scientific capability from the perspective of the scientific roles the country undertakes in scientific research. Then, we employ this method to analyze countries' scientific capability based on downloaded citation data in the field of economics and business. Finally, we check the applicability of our designed method and explore countries' scientific capability in the accounting and physics disciplines. The results show that the scientific capability of 158 countries has been changing for many years. Every country has different scientific capabilities in different scientific roles, and China's scientific capability has improved dramatically. The CISCI method is applicable for analyzing scientific capability in scientific research.