Designing Mixed-Signal PLLs regarding Multiple Requirements taking Non-Ideal Effects into Account

This work deals with the efficient characterization and reliable design of mixed-signal (MS) systems like the phase-locked loop (PLL) for frequency synthesis considering non-ideal effects. For the simulation of the PLL and its non-ideal effects an efficient fully event-driven (ED) model is used preceding to a fast and precise system insight. The developed characterization clearly shows that non-ideal effects influence the PLL's dynamic behavior like pull-out range, gain crossover frequency and phase noise behavior. Based on the introduced results a more robust system design is presented, considering multiple requirements. The identified feasible parameter range is also applicable to assess process, voltage and temperature variations.