Residual-Type A Posteriori Error Estimates for 3-D Low-Frequency Stable Maxwell Formulations in Both Frequency and Time Domains

In this article, residual-type a posteriori error estimates developed in our previous work for magnetostatic and eddy-current problems are extended to low-frequency (LF) Maxwell problems using A/φ formulation, where both inductive and capacitive effects can be handled simultaneously. Classical low-order finite-element basis (LOFEB) as well as high-order finite-element basis (HOFEB) of the edge and nodal types are adopted in numerical examples to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators.