Wind Sensing by Millimeter Wave Communications

Millimeter wave is a core technology in the 5G cellular communication networks because of its large bandwidth and high data transmission rate. In practice, outdoor fixtures of millimeter wave devices may be affected by oscillations due to wind, thus causing significant frequency/phase change in the communication signal. It can be interpreted as Doppler effect or amplitude modulation. In this paper, the Doppler effect and amplitude modulation caused by wind-triggered oscillations are studied through experiments in the 60GHz band. A mathematical model is built to analyze the relationship between wind speed/direction and frequency/phase oscillation. Based on the model, a wind velocity estimation algorithm is proposed to evaluate its performance through simulations.