A Survey: Centralized, Decentralized, and Distributed Control Scheme in Smart Grid Systems

When electricity was first made available in the late nineteenth century, it was through central stations serving a group of nearby customers. Generation and distribution were localized, and long-distance transmission was not yet necessary. As demand for electricity service increased, distribution networks expanded in capacity and geography. Systems once isolated from one another were becoming interconnected. Recently, the integration of the distributed renewable energy resources is evolving as an emerging and promising power scenario for the energy system. Smart grid, as a modernized electrical grid, uses information and communication technology to improve the efficiency, reliability, and economics of the production and distribution of electricity [9, 10, 11]. As the main building block of the smart grid, microgrid (MG) integrates a number of local DG units, energy storage systems, and local loads together to form a small-scale power system. In this paper, we will propose some distributed control schemes for the MG control.