A TDOA-FDOA Localization Method in Closed-form Based on Deviation Refining

This paper focuses on localizing a moving source with time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements in a wireless sensor network. An improved two-stage weighted least squares closed-form solution is proposed. The weighted spherical-interpolation method and deviation refining method are applied in the first and second stage respectively. It is analytically verified that the performance of proposed solution can attain the Cramér-Rao lower bound under mild Gaussian noise assumption. The proposed solution is shown to be effective and significantly decreases the bias of the estimate in terms of numerical simulations.