On-line Model-based Short Circuit Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application

Battery short circuit (SC), including both internal short circuit (ISC) and external short circuit (ESC), is an important stage before thermal runaway (TR). Therefore, on-line incipient battery SC detection is of vital importance to guarantee a safe and reliable operation of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs). In this paper, based on a slightly modified battery equivalent circuit model (ECM), the purpose of battery incipient SC detection is achieved from the perspective of fault estimation. The proposed soft SC diagnosis method is independent of battery intrinsic properties as much as possible. A robust fault estimator, under the form of proportional-integral observer, is designed by solving two linear-matrix-inequality (LMI) constraints. Simulation studies based on an A123-M1 cell have verified the effectiveness of the proposed SC detection method.