Graphene Diamagnetism: Levitation, transport, rotation, and orientation alignment of graphene flakes in a magnetic field

Magnetic edge states of graphene nanoribbons have attracted much attention resulting from their potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing. Despite recent progress in graphene synthesis, the predicted ferromagnetic state has not been observed due to the challenge of the precise control of zigzag edge termination. In the meantime, more people have begun to recognize a different magnetic property, i.e., diamagnetism of graphene. Fundamentally, graphene diamagnetism arises from orbital or Landau magnetization of & pi; electrons, and it is strongly related to the Dirac cone band structure and Fermi level.