Attenuation coefficients of human skull cadavers measured by shockwave from a CNT composite transducer and simulated by Sim4Life software

Carbon Nanotube (CNT) composite transducers generate shock waves with wide frequency band and high sound pressure. The attenuation coefficients of 3 human skull cadavers by the shockwave from a CNT composite transducer were measured and compared with the simulation results. The average densities and sound speeds of 3 skulls near the bregma were computed from computed tomography (CT) images to 2.004 ± 0.022, 1.995 ± 0.032, and 2.085 ± 0.035 g/cm
³
and 2977 ± 33, 2964 ± 48, 3096 ± 52 m/s, respectively. In the experiment, the average attenuation coefficients near the bregma of 3 skulls were measured to 3.66, 5.00, and 1.1 np/cm/MHz. The attenuation coefficients simulated by Sim4life were 3.11, 4.66, and 3.21 np/cm/MHz. The first two coefficients were similar but the other was much different, requiring further research.