State of the Art in Strategies Allowing the Integration of a Shared EVs Service and the Active Participation of EVs With the Power Network

Nowadays, the use of Electric vehicles (EVs) in public transportation systems, as the car-sharing schemes, is growing tendency around the world due to it helps to mitigate the environmental impacts generated by the massive use of self-owned vehicles based on fossil fuels. However, the implementation of the electric car-sharing schemes still have some changes that need to be addressed, such as limitations in regulations and the low-profit margins that can be achieved by the fleet operator. This paper focuses on review the strategies set on current literature that will allow addressing the last change. Particularly, those strategies that will allow the participation of the shared EVs in the energy and ancillary services electricity markets. Hence, this paper provides a general view of the issues that need to be addressed, currently, to make suitable the participation of shared EVs or public transport EVs in the energy and ancillary services electricity markets.