Collective Distribution of Mobile Loads for Optimal and Secure Operation of Power Systems

With the high penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs), the number of public EV Charging Stations (EVCS) is also increasing significantly. Managing EVs, which are also known as mobile loads, is a critical issue from the power system point of view. This paper introduces a real-time power system optimization model for redistributing EVs onto the nearby EVCSs with two formulated objective functions. Those are reducing the active power losses in normal operation and mitigating transmission line congestions in contingency conditions. For this purpose, a service called the Collective Distribution of Mobile Loads (CDML) is introduced. This method comprises a power system optimization model that determines the optimal distribution of EVs, while considering the system condition, and a multiagent system for performing the CDML concept. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in terms of reductions in active power losses and in load shedding in both normal and contingency conditions, numerical results are obtained from a modified IEEE 14-bus system and from an actual smart grid testbed, reported, and analyzed.