Optimal Design for Synthetic Inertia and Fast Frequency Regulation in a Power System with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

The main goal of this paper is to propose a methodology to derive the necessary quantities of innovative services for grid frequency regulation, such as fast primary regulation and synthetic inertia, to ensure a non-synchronous power penetration higher than that determined by the inertia of the in-service synchronous machines. Limitations are also imposed on the excursions of the grid frequency deviation and gradient during transients due to active power perturbations. The methodology is applied, as a significant example, to a scenario of the insular Sardinian power system in a 2030 time horizon.