Satellite geodesy for volcano monitoring in the Sentinel-1 and SAR constellation era

Globally, 800 million people live within 100 km of a volcano thought to have been active in the last 10,000 years. The basis of forecasting the short term progression of volcanic unrest or onset of eruption is high quality monitoring data, ideally analysed in near real time consistently over long time periods. Volcanic deformation – the displacement of the Earth's surface in response to magmatic or volcanic processes – forms the foundation of many monitoring streams in combination with measurements of seismicity and gas emission. At present, < 10% of Holocene volcanoes are monitored routinely, while up to 45% are not monitored at all.