Compressive Sparse Data Gathering With Low-Rank and Total Variation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been deeply studied by many researchers and been widely used in many fields. Since a large amount of energy for WSNs is used for sensing and transmitting, researchers come up with many methods to reduce the number of sensed and transmitted data packets. Compressive Data Gathering (CDG) is a well-known method to gather WSNs data, but it does not realize sparse sensing as it needs to sense all data and compress them. The efficiency of Low-rank and TV regularizations for recovering WSNs data has been demonstrated, however, they are not combined to enable utilization of data correlation throughout the network. To recover the data accurately and to reduce the energy consumption in WSNs, we propose a Compressive Sparse Data Gathering (CSDG) scheme including a Compressive Sparse Sampling (CSS) method and a data recovery algorithm based on low-rank and Total Variation (TV) regularizations fully exploiting the sparsity and low-rank characteristics of WSNs data. The alternating direction method of multipliers and the steepest descent method are used to solve the problem. Simulations show that the CSDG method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of the recovery accuracy. Moreover, with fairly low sparse sampling ratio and high compression ratio, CSDG method can still recover the original signal with little error. As the number of sensed data and transmitted data is reduced greatly with sparse sampling and compression, the energy consumption of WSNs is lessen and the lifetime is prolonged.