Double-Ring-Pumped Nd:YVO4 Laser with a High-Order Laguerre-Gaussian Mode (LG11) Output

Laser beams with Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes are attractive to numerous applications in a number of areas including optical trapping and manipulation, super-resolution microscopy, high-capacity optical communication, quantum information, and laser material processing.
^[1]
Furthermore, a high-order LG mode beam with a multiple-ring intensity distribution, especially LG
₃₃
mode, is known to be a good candidate for gravitational wave detection and other high precision measurements due to reduction of the thermal noise in an optical interferometer.
^[2]
However, there are few reports to generate a high-power high-order LG mode laser beam with multiple-ring intensity distribution (LG
_nm
mode, n≠0) although many techniques have been developed for a donut-shaped LG mode (LG
_0n
) beam.