Indoor and outdoor measurements of space, polarization, and angle diversity for cellular base stations in urban environments

This paper presents results and performance comparisons from indoor and outdoor measurements of space, polarization, and angle diversity for a cellular base station operating in urban environments. The relative performances of the three diversity schemes under identical conditions are determined by diversity gain, polarization mismatch, and higher antenna gain for angle diversity in multipath environments. Details of measurement procedures, data reductions, and measured results of the diversities at various locations are presented and analyzed. This research will be valuable in determining what kind of smart antenna system should be deployed for the given environment.