Distance Estimation Algorithm for Wireless Localization Systems Based on Lyapunov Sensitivity Theory

The paper describes a novel distance evaluation algorithm based on the time-difference of arrival (TDOA) principle. The proposed method solves the distance estimation problem applying the Lyapunov theory. To perform this task, the distance evaluation problem is converted to a parameters identification process exploiting the sensing signal peculiarities. This latter combines the properties of the Frank-Zadoff-Chu (FZC) sequences with the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme. The resulting signal can be used to improve accuracy and precision in distance estimation using a reduced signal bandwidth. The system was modeled considering either an additive white noise Gaussian channel and a moderate multipath model. The simulation results demonstrate that the system achieves an accuracy and a precision better than 10 cm considering SNR equal to 0 dB and signal bandwidths of only 125 MHz.