An Efficient Clustering Strategy Avoiding Buffer Overflow in IoT Sensors: A Bio-Inspired Based Approach

The Internet of Things (IoT) invention has taken the growth of sensors technology to a completely high step. New challenges in terms of data delivery have emerged due to strict QoS conditions. Among the solutions proposed in the literature is the subdivision of the large-scale network into several clusters. Except that most of these solutions are conventional. However, prior research generally confirms that bio-inspired paradigms are more flexible and effective compared to traditional methods. When it comes to a heterogeneous network, additional constraints appear. Nodes have different buffer sizes. Then, data captured must be sent before their buffers are full, otherwise, some data will be lost. This is not suitable for a real-time application where time and information are crucial elements. In this study, a comprehensive overview of the use of sensors in IoT contexts is performed. Two algorithms as Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), combined with the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) based Cluster Head (CH) selection with a novel approach for heterogeneous networks are proposed. These algorithms can support data exchange over a heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) infrastructure with taking into consideration the buffer overflow problem. Simulation results are presented and discussed in different network designs. The research demonstrated that knowing well how to manage buffers using bio-inspired techniques, leads to a significant reduction in data loss.