Designing Reactive Power Control Rules for Smart Inverters Using Support Vector Machines

Smart inverters have been advocated as a fast-responding mechanism for voltage regulation in distribution grids. Nevertheless, optimal inverter coordination can be computationally demanding, and preset local control rules are known to be subpar. Leveraging tools from machine learning, the design of customized inverter control rules is posed here as a multitask learning problem. Each inverter control rule is modeled as a possibly nonlinear function of local and/or remote control inputs. Given the electric coupling, the function outputs interact to yield the feeder voltage profile. Using an approximate grid model, inverter rules are designed jointly to minimize a voltage deviation objective based on anticipated load and solar generation scenarios. Each control rule is described by a set of coefficients, one for each training scenario. To reduce the communication overhead between the grid operator and the inverters, we devise a voltage regulation objective that is shown to promote parsimonious descriptions for inverter control rules. Numerical tests using real-world data on a benchmark feeder demonstrate the advantages of the novel nonlinear rules and explore the trade-off between voltage regulation and sparsity in rule descriptions.