Survey on Land Mobile Satellite System: Challenges and Future Research Trends

Mobile satellite systems can be characterized as a major solution since they offer mobile communication services to users in different environments and for several significant purposes. In numerous conditions, satellite systems have exclusive competences in terms of broad coverage, robustness, broadcast, and multicast capabilities. However, the implementation of Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) systems still faces some limitations regarding connectivity and stability, leading to unreliable communication. Therefore, the target of this paper is to offer a comprehensive overview of land mobile satellite systems and services from various perspectives. This includes the classification of LMS systems, the operating frequency bands, and the representative Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) systems. The research challenges and future research are further described. Such information will contribute to the understanding of satellite systems and the currently faced issues that must be addressed.