Passenger Vehicle Avoidance Time Model For Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

VANET-based Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technology has the potential to improve safety hence reduce road fatalities. Many simulations in VANET develop only message dissemination protocol without considering the safe time needed between moving vehicles and these are rather inaccurate for safety preventions because communications without an effective time gap between vehicles could still lead to collisions. Passenger vehicles avoidance time can be associated with L0 - L2 and L3 - L5 levels of autonomy, dependent on either human-induced deceleration braking or full automated system braking. Two passenger vehicle avoidance time models have been proposed. The results obtained shows marked differences in the needed avoidance time for safe vehicle braking to avoid a crash. A delay of 4s is suggested to maintain a suitable avoidance time between leading and following vehicles for CAVs in urban and highway roads.