Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Providing Primary Frequency Control in Microgrid

The contribution of electric vehicles (EV) in a microgrid with high intermittent renewable energy penetration could strengthen power system security and reliability. This paper investigates the contribution of EV in regulating and improving primary frequency response of the power system. EV is designed to halt charging and inject power to the grid during an under-frequency event and to consume surplus energy following an over-frequency event when EV state-of-charge (SOC) is available. The minimum SOC threshold is kept to a higher value to ensure EV is available to be driven at any given time. Simulation results demonstrate that EV enhances primary frequency response of the system and also better frequency regulation is observed as the levels of EV penetration increases. In addition, high EV power output during a short period of time indicates its low impact on EV SOC and the need of high power EV charger to reduce the number of EV participation.