A Modified Meander Line Microstrip Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth for 2.4 GHz ISM-Band Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) based application requires integration with the wireless communication technology to make the application data readily available. In this paper, a modified meander shape microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for IoT applications at 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The dimension of the antenna is
$40\times 10\times 1.6$
mm
³
. The antenna design is comprised of an inverse S-shape meander line connected with a slotted rectangular box. A capacitive load (C-load) and parasitic patch with the shaped ground are applied to the design. Investigations show that the antenna designed with an inverse S-shape patch and connecting rectangular box in the microstrip line has a higher efficiency and gain compare to the conventional meander shape antenna. The C-load is applied to the feed line to match the impedance. Moreover, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the flexibility of the antenna. Results show that, the gain and efficiency can be improved through adjusting the rectangular box with applying parasitic element and the shaped ground. The parasitic element has high impact on the bandwidth of the antenna of 12.5%. The finalized antenna has a peak gain of −0.256 dBi (measured) and 1.347 dBi (Simulated) with 79% radiation efficiency at 2.4 GHz. To prove the efficiency and eligibility in IoT applications, the measurement of the power delivered and received by the antenna at 2.4 GHz is performed and compared with the results of a dipole antenna. The antenna is integrated with 2.4 GHz radio frequency module and IoT sensors to validate the performance. The antenna novelty relies on the size compactness with high fractional bandwidth that is validated through the IoT application environment.