An Abstraction Model for 1-bit Probing Attack on Block Ciphers

The threat of physical attacks on crypto devices has been reported. Attack efficiency is determined by the attacker's ability to measure the physical information leaked from the device, for example, side-channel information, or to control physical disturbance against a device, for example, laser fault injection. Intuitively, the higher the ability of the attacker, the more information can be retrieved. In order to assess attack efficiency, this paper focuses on the 1-bit probing attack, which is one of the strongest attacks in a real-world setting. In the 1-bit probing attack, the attacker can observe a specific 1-bit intermediate value at a certain timing in the cryptographic operation. Firstly, we explain previous studies on an abstraction model for physical attacks. Secondly, we introduce a new model with an ideal property with regard to the probing attacks. Finally, we compare the attack efficiency of seven reported block ciphers with the proposed model value.