Traffic Management and Energy Optimization for High-Speed Trains: An overview of methods for saving energy

High-speed trains, with their advantages of safety, comfort, rapidity, energy efficiency, and high-punctuality rates, have gradually become the best choice for people to travel. With the increased expansion of high-speed railways, high-speed trains are now an active research direction to ensure their safe and efficient operation while reducing the associated energy consumption. In fact, studies of operational management systems and energy utilization optimization schemes for highspeed trains have drawn extensive attention from researchers all over the world.