Electric Vehicles Charging Optimization Considering EVs and Load Uncertainties

The increase in pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels has been encouraging governments to invest in Electric Vehicles (EVs). Although a massive increase in the number of EVs may impact the power system. This article aims to analyze the impact of EV charge on distribution networks, using uncoordinated and coordinated charge, in which a Real Time Pricing (RTP) is used for charging optimization, considering Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). A Monte Carlo modeling is performed considering, besides the uncertainties related to the EVs, the uncertainties of the load and the uncertainty of the amount of EVs connected to the transformer. Results indicate that the uncoordinated charging can cause overloading of the transformers, whereas the coordinated charging, considering V2G, can reduce peaks and fill valleys, improving the load factor of the transformer. In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation satisfactorily deal with the effects of the uncertainties and initial considerations of the problem.