Determination of Maximum Wind Power Penetration Considering Wind Turbine Fast Frequency Response

This paper presents a study based on sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of fast frequency response (FFR) capability of type 4 wind turbine units on the overall frequency performance of interconnected power systems with low inertia. FFR capability is implemented by means of a control loop for inertia emulation (IE), which is superimposed on the active power control channel of the machine side converter of the wind turbine. All parameters of IE are assessed via sensitivity analysis to ascertain their influence on the system frequency performance within the time window of the frequency containment period. Both individual and collective response of the wind turbines are assessed to determine if the penetration level of wind power can be increased by customizing IE with the best parameter values found via sensitivity analysis. Numerical results, obtained by using a 3-area benchmark power system, illustrate the degree of increase in wind penetration level that can be achieved when choosing a suitable combination of wind turbine locations and considering suggested settings for IE.