Cole Bio-Impedance Model Variations in $Daucus~Carota~Sativus$ Under Heating and Freezing Conditions

This paper reports on the variations in the parameters of the single dispersion Cole bio-impedance model of Daucus Carota Sativus (carrots) under heating and freezing conditions. Experiments are conducted on six samples with recorded live bio-impedance spectra versus temperature. The Cole model parameters are extracted from the measured data using the
Flower Pollination Algorithm
(FPA) optimization technique and their variations are correlated with well-known bio-chemical and bio-mechanical variations. This represents a non-invasive method for characterizing and measuring the degree of change in biological cellular morphology and composition.