Secondary Voltage Control Via Demand-Side Energy Storage with Temporal Logic Specifications

This paper proposes a secondary voltage control method that can handle temporal logic specifications (TLSs). The control objective is to schedule a control signal for an energy storage system (ESS) such that the voltage variation of a defined critical bus satisfies TLSs. The TLS allows definitions of set and timing constraints at the same time, such as a finite-time restoration. A simplified analytical model is derived to describe the voltage variation of critical buses. Based on this model, a numerical optimal control problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program to generate the proper control input for the ESS. The proposed control is verified on a lumped distribution system model. With this control diagram, supportive controllers can easily be designed to make voltage behaviors comply with grid codes and avoid unnecessary relay actions.