Secure Hybrid Digital and Analog Precoder for mmWave Systems With Low-Resolution DACs and Finite-Quantized Phase Shifters

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the future generation wireless networks because of its advantages of providing a ultra-wide new spectrum and ultra-high data transmission rate. To reduce the power consumption and circuit cost for mmWave systems, hybrid digital and analog (HDA) architecture is preferred in such a scenario. In this paper, an artificial noise (AN) aided secure HDA beamforming scheme is proposed for mmWave multiple input single output (MISO) system with low resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and finite-quantized phase shifters on radio frequency. The additive quantization noise model for AN aided HDA system is established to make an analysis of the secrecy performance of such systems. With the partial channel knowledge of eavesdropper available, an approximate expression of secrecy rate (SR) is derived. Then using this approximation formula, we propose a two-layer alternatively iterative structure (TLAIS) for optimizing digital precoder (DP) of confidential message (CM), digital AN projection matrix (DANPM) and analog precoder (AP). The inner-layer iteration loop is to design the DP of CMs and DANPM alternatively given a fixed matrix of AP. The outer-layer iteration loop is between digital baseband part and analog part, where the former refers to DP and DANPM, and the latter is AP. Then for a given digital part, we propose a gradient ascent algorithm to find the AP vector. Given a matrix of AP, we make use of general power iteration (GPI) method to compute DP and DANPM. This process is repeated until the terminal condition is reached. Simulation results show that the proposed TLAIS can achieve a better SR performance than existing methods, especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio region.