The Impact of a Dot: Case Studies of a Noise Metamorphic Relation Pattern

We propose a "noise" metamorphic relation pattern (MRP), which is a sub-pattern under the more general MRP "symmetry." We conduct case studies with real-life systems in three different application domains (obstacle perception in autonomous systems, machine translation, and named entity recognition) to show the usefulness of the "noise" MRP for software verification and validation.